The 3D-Spiral Horn Speaker Building
How to build the spiral horn-1
Tube method

Last updated on 27 Oct. 2005

spiral body
The three-dimensional spiral horn is formed by inserting the spiral body being shown left into a PVC outer tube.
The spiral body comprises an inner tube, and a partition plate provided around the inner tube (or inner rod).
When the spiral body is inserted into the outer tube, the outer tube and the inner tube form a coaxial dual-tube structure, and the partition plate is located within a gap formed between the outer tube and the inner tube.
Thus, the 3D-spiral sound passage is defined.
partition plate
Cabtire cables form the partition plate, as shown left.
The cabtire cables are wrapped one upon another around the inner tube (or inner rod) and glued each other by cyanoacrylate (quick-drying) adhesive. Cyanoacrylate is the most superior adhesive here.
Before insertion of the spiral body into the outer tube, epoxy adhesive should be applied all over the partition plate and the inside of the outer tube.
Diameter of the periphery of the partition plate must be slightly larger than the inside diameter of the outer tube. At the insertion of the spiral body, partition plate will warp and stick fast to the inside of the outer tube.
The epoxy adhesive applied within the outer tube acts as lubricant on the insertion. Roles of the epoxy adhesive are not only to glue the spiral body to outer tube, and to lubricate on the insertion, but also to harden the partition plate to prevent vibration of it.

entrance
The left drawing shows the upper view of an entrance of the 3D-spiral horn.
After completion of hardening of epoxy, additional epoxy should be applied to the entrance-neighborhood for preventing vibration of the partition plate.

Practice for building spiral bodies

spiral

fig.A fig.B
Cut PVC pipes
For cutting a thick PVC pipe, you require some concentration and idea. If you cut halfheartedly, a gap between the start and the end of cutting may be brought about, as shown in fig. A.
For clear cutting, wind a paper with a straight edge around the pipe, fix it with a gummed tape, draw a line with a magic marker along the edge of the paper, as shown in fig. B.
Then take away the paper and begin to cut the pipe carefully along the line with a pipe-saw, simultaneously rotate the pipe slowly, form a shallow groove first, then gradually deepen it. After several rotation, cut off a piece of the pipe, plane the end of it with a flat file.
cabtyer cable cabtyer cable2
Purchase cabtire cables
Cabtire cables are used for an electric wiring and may be available at a DIY shop.
Single (solid) copper wire is desirable because its stiffness may prevent unwanted vibration and may be favorable for sound quality.
Generally speaking, you should get two or three kinds of cabtires with different diameters, and measure the gap between inner and outer tubes. Then select cabtires as following equation.

(gap) + (0.5 to 1.0 ) = (sum of diameters of selected cabtires) = (width of partition plate)

Partition plate completed may be wider than the gap with addition of glue layer. This is important for getting strong adhesion between the plate and the outer tube.
I used to go to nearby home center or DIY shop and buy two kinds of cables. One is gray and flat type with 6.3 mm thickness, and another is the same type with 5.9 mm thickness for 30 mm gap.

(6.3 x 3 turns) + (5.9 x 2 turns) = gap 30 + 0.7

Thinner cable should be used for the first and second turns.
draw lines
Prepare for inner tubes (or inner rods)
(1) Draw two lines along the axis of inner tube. The two lines, front and back lines, must deviate exactly 180° degree each other.
The left picture indicates a method to draw the lines.
Using something like a carpenter's square, scratch the surface of the two inner tubes simultaneously and draw lines with bruise. After that, draw lines with a magic marker over the bruised lines.
Repeat this process by turning the two inner tubes upside down.
spiral spiral (2) Mark with a magic marker on the two lines to indicate locations of the upper surface of the partition plate.
The locations on the two lines, front and back, are as left for Helix150.
cramp
Wind the first turn of cabtire
Wind a cabtire cable on the inner tube along the marks as smooth as possible, and fix both ends with duct tapes or cramps as a left picture.
Cut the cabtire at the points of sticking out about 2 inch from the both ends of the inner tube.
Apply low viscosity cyanoacrylate adhesive (for instance ARON ALPHA® 201 or Loctite 4206) from both sides to join the inner tube with the cabtire.
The vapors of cyanoacrylates are mildly irritating in very dry atmospheres (below 50% Relative Humidity). Use it in a well-ventilated room or in the outdoors.
Wear protective glasses.
next turn pic1
pic2 pic3
Wind 2nd to final turns of cabtire
Wind the next turn of cabtire on the outside the previous turn. Fix it with duct tape. Cut at the points of sticking out about 2 inch.
Confirm if all turns of cabtires stand horizontally using a right-angled jig as indicated in the left picture.
Mr. Hayashi proposed the nail method for confirming the cabtires configuration, which is showed in the left pictures.
But it is almost impossible to place the cabtire neatly side by side, and imperfectness is tolerable.
Apply cyanoacrylate adhesive from both sides to join next turn with previous turn cabtire.
snip
Cut the extra ends of cables
Cut the extra ends of cables with a pair of sharp scissors or with metal-saw.
Now the spiral body has been completed.
h55

How to insert the spiral bodies
spiral2
confirm diameter Confirm the diameters of the finished spiral bodies.
tooth brush
Preparation
Prior to the application of epoxy adhesive, rough up the surface of the inside of the outer tube with coarse sandpapers. Another method for getting strong adhesion is to apply black cyanoacrylate as a primer (for example Black Max 380) all over the inside of the outer tube and the surface of partition plate.

Apply epoxy
Set the spiral body on the work stand and apply epoxy adhesive all over the partition plate and the inside of the outer tube using toothbrush.
The slow hardening epoxy adhesive (for example Araldite® 2011) must be selected to avoid the hardening during application and insertion.
The epoxy adhesive applied in the outer tube acts as lubricant on the insertion.

Insert
(1)Insert the spiral body forcibly into the outer tube.
(2)Return the extra epoxy flowed down spiral to the top of spiral.

Other method (1)
paper tape A paper tape is a versatile material suitable for the spiral building as shown left.

At the same time, it may be possible to replace a PVC pipe with a paper core or a sonotube.
A glue for wood work is usable for a paper tape and a paper core or a sonotube.
The advantage of this method is that the materials used are good for the environment and good for safety.
But, an epoxy adhesive is superior for attaining a sufficient bass output because its hardness is effective for preventing unwanted vibration of the spiral partition plate.


Other method (2): Paper clay method
clay1
Mr. Fukushima failed twice on the cabtire method, which was too difficult for him.
So, he has devised the following "Paper clay method."

It consists of the two principal procedures.
(1) Make a spiral framing with gluing wood bars or soldering copper wires.
(2) Glue two slabs of paper clay putting opposite the framing.

Details of a paper clay are here.
clay2 clay3
clay4
clay5 clay6

Other method (3): Clay method
fig1
Mr. Iwata has devised the following "Clay method."

It consists of the three principal procedures.
(1) Build a spiral framing with nails. The nails should be long enough and be removed afterward.
(2) Put strip-shaped clays on the nails.
(3) Using a self-made jig, grind the perimeter of the spiral body with a sandpaper.
fig2 fig3
fig4 fig10

Other method (4): Cork method
cor-spr
Mr. Mizuno has devised a "Cork method."
A merit of this method is easiness of the work because it uses a cork tape with tackiness agent.
The hardness of the completed spiral partition plate should be improved with applying an epoxy adhesive.
cork cork-boid

Other method (5): Urethane method
suga5 Mr. Suga has devised a "Urethane method."
A merit of this method is easiness of the work because it uses an urethane tape with tackiness agent.
suga4 Three types of urethane tapes with different thickness are available.
The favorable width is 10 mm.
Both ends should be fixed with a cyanoacrylate.
suga6 Tapes with different thickness are used.
Approximate time required for winding the tapes is 10 minutes.
After the winding, a soft adhesive is applied at certain intervals for reinforcement.
suga7 An epoxy is applied all over the urethane before insertion.

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